1.0-Citizenship+and+Multiculturalism+-+HUMAN+RIGHTS

=HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS = media type="youtube" key="AEhVNzHI4rQ" width="560" height="315"
 * 1- Class discussion: **



=2- OUR CASES: =

// Child labor in China // We chose to present a case on the topic mentioned above, because it is an outrageous violation of the human rights, since it disrespects numerous articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A few years ago, it was discovered that in China (Shanxi province), many children had been held captive and forced to work in kilns- brick factories. They had no conditions to live: they were beaten and starved. Their families, whose sons and daughters had been abducted from their houses fought hard to have them return home, using all kinds of resources they could, turning it into a ‘cause célèbre’- the “Blue Ribbon Campaign”. Although it became a huge scandal the government did nothing, since they had been paid to stay quiet. In 2007, thousands of military finally took a stand, rescuing hundreds of people among them dozens of children. When they returned home the children had been through so much that they were completely traumatized, not even being able to speak. So, although the parents fought vigorously their entire lives to have their kids back, they never truly did.

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 * Ana Rita, Beatriz Melo, Bernardo Almeida **
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//**Rehab camps in Vietnam **//
 * Did you know that in Vietnam if you have AIDS or a drug addiction you are forced to get a treatment in rehab camps made by the vietnamese government? **
 * We did not know this and when this case came across our path we knew that this was something worth of showing to our classmates.**
 * First of all, this case clearly violates the Human Rights- according to the Human Rights, Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. When something or someone (in this case, the government) makes you do something that you don't want to, its a violation of YOUR Human Rights.**
 * Let's focus on numbers: there are more than 100 drug rehabilitation centers in Vietnam, and more than 300 000 people passed trough those centers between 2000 and 2010. Scary, right?**
 * If you think that this is shocking, check the links below and see for yourself the atrocities that a government can do to its country.**




 * Useful links: **


 * [|Prostitutes and Drug Addicts Abused in Rehab 'Work Camps'] **

[|Vietnam's Drug Rehab Centers Under Fire]

[|UN expert urges Vietnam to close rehab centers]




 * Beatriz Lopes, Bernardo Rocha e Francisco Baptista**

__// Human Trafficking in the Philippines //__

Although there are laws that protect us from being explored or unfairly treated (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights), violations of these articles are not uncommon and are often ignored. The case that we are going to present happened in Southeast Asia, in the Philippines. Here human trafficking is very common. Human trafficking is the coercion of innocent people, by threatening, fraud or using force, into working with poor conditions of labour in areas as the sex market, slavery and organ trafficking. As we all know Philippines is a very poor country where many families struggle to survive... In order to carry on with their lives they are easily mislead to accept any opportunity that appears promissing. Eyes should be open to situations like this, we all deserve to see our rights respected.


 * "Child prostitution in the Phillippines": **

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 * Our apresentation: **

= = =//__** The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam **__//= Our main focus in this project was to inform the class regarding a specifically atrocious group of terrorists; the Liberation Tamil Tigers of Elaam; LTTE. This violent militia brutalized and slaughtered thousands of people (even within their own ethnic group) with the sole purpose of creating an independent country somewhere in northern Sri-Lanka for their ethnicity. We chose this theme mostly because we had never heard of it and thought no one else (except for the teacher) had. Therefore, with the conviction that our theme was important and never seen we fetched a little information and put together something that we hope you like and consider useful.
 * Maria Francisca Pessanha, Sara Pais, Sara Rodrigues **

Here are some helpful links in researching the LTTE...: // www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-DP_3PAlz8 // ‎ // www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdUOai6YaVY // ‎ // www.eelam.com/ltte //

...and our small powerpoint:




 * Ana Jorge, Bernardo Infante, Hugo Soares, Jorge Rodrigues **

__ **// Human Rights Violations in the Libyan Civil War //** __ In our oral presentation we approached the theme “Human Rights Violations in the Libyan Civil War”, as we spoke about some of the inumerous situations that happened during the recent year of 2011 with the rebels forces, the Armed forces and NATO. First of all, André spoke about the execution of prisioners of war who were captured in Derna by a group of 15 to 22 Libyan army soldiers and he also talked about the morder and torture of injured soldiers who fought against the rebels. Secondly, Daniela spoke about the killing of civilians during the Civil War, the falsification of claims and Gaddafi’s usage of mercenaries from different parts of Africa and rape of Africans, paralleling it with the Human Rights that were violated in the different situations. Last but not least, Daniel talked about the murder of unarmed migrant workers, guest workers and black Libyans commited by the rebel forces and the forced expulsion of black families. Suming up, with this research we developed our knowledge about these violations that happen every day all around the world not also in developing countries but also in many developed countries, such as Libya.

Links used for our research: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations_in_the_Libyan_civil_war#Crimes_against_international_humanitarian_law http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights “The rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened.” ― [|John F. Kennedy]

“Laws are silent in times of war.” ― [|Marcus Tullius Cicero]

André Silva, Daniel Ferreira, Daniela Pereira
=__//HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION: Clinical Trials //__=

Human rights are essential to us in order to protect ourselves as individual beings and to prevent abuses from others. We can see in our world many cases of violations of those rights especially in small peoples or underdeveloped ones. The power of the government and big companies over those small and weak populations and the covering of these events are among the main reasons for that effortless easy-to-do abuse of Human rights. We will talk about Clinical trials and the difference between when it’s done in Europe versus when it’s done in India, a country that has no concerns or restrictions with drug trials.  Testing pharmaceuticals on humans is something that has to be done but that has a lot of costs and expenses in order to bring the drugs to the market guaranteeing that it is safe and has no dangerous side effects. The problem with these trials starts when the companies start treating human beings as if they were guinea-pigs. In Europe and the US the laws are strict and protect the human rights of the ones who choose to participate in the study. They are kept in facilities with great conditions and blood-tested every hour. However, in India those rights are not preserved and most people visit the hospital for routine treatments and end up subjected to trials without their «informed consent». And not only are they unaware of what they are signing for but they are also taken to places with no conditions for those tests. The strategy used to gather people for the trials is to offer them medical help and leading them into signing a paper in english, which many of them don´t understand, giving permission to the trial. This way of getting their consent is obviously a violation of the human rights of these persons, who constantly end up with secondary effects that damage their lives forever.
 * Clinical Trials: **

If only India’s government would take action in this subject and make more restrict laws maybe big companies such as Biogen Idec, Astra Zeneca and Glaxo Smith Kline wouldn’t feel tempted to use Indian population as a supply for their drug test. Links visited: (Very useful!!)

@http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/11/illegal-clinical-trials-india-poor-untested-drugs_n_3578636.html and @http://www.ahrp.org/cms/content/view/898/84/  
 * Ana Catarina, Anita; Joaozinho **

=**BLOOD DIAMONDS ** =

John Pilger is part of a small percentage of the people in the world that actually wonders why do we allow our government to treat people in small countries like they are merchandise. Why do we accept the unacceptable? Our groupwork was about the blood diamond workers - a group of men, woman and children that extract diamonds which the rebel forces sell in order to fund invading army's war efforts. These workers are often associated with human rights abuses such us killings, beatings, rape, torture ,child labor, forced labor and other abuses. Blood diamonds workers, also known as conflict workers, are mostly under thirty years old, including children. They earn less than one dollar per day if they are lucky. Africa produces 8,5 billion dollars worth in diamonds each year. Over a million diamond miners live in extreme poverty, lacking basic needs such as sanitation and running water. In 2002 The Kimberly Process Certification Scheme was created to and put into practice by the U.S.A to regulate diamond trading. More than seventy countries participated. Despite the efforts that have been taken to reduce the number of blood diamonds on the market it is almost impossible to eradicate them since they are smuggled. Life for African diamonds workers has changed very little. They have the highest infant mortality with twenty eight deaths per every thousand live births, and life expectancy is of forty six years old. It took a Leonardo Di'Caprio movie to raise awareness in 2006, but despite the movie's release the diamond industry continued to thrive.




 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Gisela Silva, Catarina Magalhães, Cristina Ministro **

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